Reciprocal or Shared IVF: What it Is and What Costs to Expect

Key Takeaways

• “Reciprocal” or “Shared” in vitro fertilization (IVF) allows both same-sex partners to biologically share motherhood: one by donating eggs and the other by carrying the pregnancy to term.
• Reciprocal or Shared IVF is a reliable and effective method of assisted reproductive technology, often showing higher consistency in success rates compared to traditional IVF.
• Every couple’s situation is unique. Reciprocal IVF, just like other forms of IVF, can be expensive compared to simpler treatments of inseminations. Prospective parents should work closely with their fertility care doctor to make an informed decision, using the latest and most relevant information available.

What Is Reciprocal or Shared IVF?

“Reciprocal” IVF, also known as “shared maternity” or “co-maternity,” enables both partners in a same-sex couple to actively participate in the pregnancy journey. In this process, one partner contributes eggs, which are then fertilized with donor sperm. The fertilized eggs are transferred into the other partner’s uterus, who carries the resulting pregnancy to term.

This method has become increasingly popular among lesbian couples and those assigned female at birth, offering a meaningful way for both partners to be involved in the prenatal development of their child. This method can be chosen for the purpose of shared motherhood or for medical reasons, selecting the partner with the best ovarian reserve as the donor and the one with the best uterine health as the recipient.Compared to other IVF treatments, Reciprocal IVF has shown promising success rates, making it a hopeful option for many.

The Three Steps of Reciprocal IVF

The Reciprocal IVF process can be broken down into three steps, and it can span weeks or months depending on each couple’s unique circumstances. 

Egg Retrieval

The process begins with safely extracting eggs from one partner’s ovaries. To boost the chances of a successful IVF cycle, the donating partner receives hormone injections that stimulate the ovaries and speed up egg maturation.

When the eggs are nearly mature, a final hormone injection is administered about 36 hours before retrieval. The eggs are then carefully removed using a thin needle inserted into the ovary.

Fertilization

After safely retrieving the eggs, they are fertilized with donated sperm. Couples can choose between using sperm from a known donor or an anonymous one.

Due to the high success rate of IVF, many couples decide to fertilize only some of the retrieved eggs initially. The remaining eggs can be frozen for future use or as a backup in case of complications.

Once fertilization is successful, the embryos develop in a specialized laboratory for a few days before being frozen or transferred into the second partner’s uterus.

Implantation

While the embryos develop in the lab, the partner who will ultimately carry the embryo may take hormone injections and pills to prepare the uterus for the embryo transfer.

Some IVF procedures use a “fresh” embryo, while others use an embryo that was frozen during the IVF cycle. Your fertility doctor will recommend the best option for your situation.

The embryo transfer procedure is usually quicker and less invasive than egg retrieval, and it does not require sedation or pain medication. A speculum and catheter are utilized to place a single embryo into the uterus, with the entire procedure typically taking under 30 minutes.

If implantation occurs, the embryo attaches to the uterine lining, and the pregnancy progresses like any other pregnancy.

What Is the Success Rate of Reciprocal IVF?

A 2023 analysis of research on Reciprocal IVF treatments found that their success rates are comparable to or even higher than those of traditional IVF. One possible reason for this higher success rate is that couples opting for Reciprocal IVF often do so because of their relationship dynamics, whereas many heterosexual couples turn to IVF to address infertility or other health issues affecting natural conception.Another study published in LGBT Health Journal found that even after considering factors like age, body mass index, and the number of mature eggs, Reciprocal IVF (also called Reception of Oocytes from Partner or ROPA) still showed significant improvements in all outcomes. The odds of a live birth were more than three times higher with Reciprocal IVF. Cumulative pregnancy and live birth rates were also higher with Reciprocal IVF, with live birth rates at 66.1% compared to 43.4%. 

Does Insurance Pay for Reciprocal IVF?

Reciprocal IVF, like other IVF treatments, can become costly. The first cycle can cost more than $20,000, and each additional round typically ranges from $4,000 to $6,000. These expenses include hormone injections, pre-procedure medications, egg retrieval, embryo transfer, legal fees, and donor sperm fees.

Insurance coverage for reciprocal IVF varies by location, but it is often not included. However, some states and insurance companies are updating their definitions of infertility to be more inclusive of the LGBTQ+ community, which might lead to more coverage in the future. Currently, most couples pursuing Reciprocal IVF should expect to pay most, if not all, costs out of pocket.

Is Reciprocal IVF Worth It?

Deciding to have a child is deeply personal, and what works for one couple might not be best for another.

While Reciprocal IVF can be costly and involve extensive medical procedures, it allows some couples to be directly involved in their child’s biological development, which can be very meaningful. For these couples, Reciprocal IVF might be the best choice to create that bond before birth.

Alternatively, some couples may prefer a less invasive and more affordable option, like intrauterine insemination with donated sperm. There is no one-size-fits-all solution; the best approach depends on each couple’s unique situation. Ultimately, prospective parents should make an informed decision with their fertility doctor, based on the most current and relevant information.

Bottom Line

Reciprocal IVF offers same-sex couples a unique chance to participate in the family building process, combining medical advancements with personal involvement. Despite the costs, many find it an invaluable path to parenthood.At San Diego Fertility Center, our doctors have extensive experience helping same-sex couples, transgender patients, and LGBTQ+ singles achieve their dreams of parenthood. Your journey begins with a consultation to discuss your unique needs and goals, allowing you and your doctor to collaboratively create a personalized treatment plan. Contact our office to schedule your appointment.

This blog is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice.  Please consult with your physician or a qualified healthcare provider for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.