Guide to IVF Shots

Key Takeaways

• In vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments use a series of hormone therapy injections to prepare eggs for fertilization and to increase the likelihood of a successful pregnancy.
• Many of the injections used during an IVF treatment can be done at home by the patient.
• Injection anxiety is very common but often subsides throughout treatment and can be managed with a variety of techniques and help from friends, family, and your fertility care team.

IVF Treatment Overview: Give It Your Best Shot 

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a fertility treatment that involves many steps, with medication playing a crucial role in the process – including daily injections. While this may seem daunting at first, understanding the process along with some preparation can make it much smoother. 

Understanding IVF Medications

During the IVF process, eggs are retrieved from the ovaries and fertilized in a laboratory with specially prepared sperm before being reinserted in the uterus in hopes of developing into a healthy pregnancy.

Before eggs can be retrieved, patients will take a series of medications and hormone therapies designed to optimize the environment, stimulate ovaries, and produce multiple mature eggs for fertilization. 

Following obtaining eggs and generating embryos, the treatment then focuses on establishing an optimal environment in the uterus where the embryo can grow. Some of these medications are taken in tablet form, either orally or vaginally. Others are administered by injection at home. Each case is different, and your specific IVF protocol will depend on your individual needs and the recommendations of your fertility care expert. IVF treatments use several types of medication during a typical round to achieve different results. These medications include:

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) & Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Medications 

FSH and LH hormones stimulate the growth and maturation of follicles within your ovaries. More fully developed follicles mean a larger yield during the egg retrieval process. These hormones are typically administered via subcutaneous injections, meaning the shot is given in the fatty tissue just under the skin. Common trade names of shots utilized in this process include Gonal-F. Follistim, and Menopur.

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Analogs

These medications are designed to temporarily switch off the ovaries by suppressing the natural production of hormones, allowing for controlled stimulation with FSH and LH medications. They are generally administered via subcutaneous injections.

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) and Lupron

This hCG shot triggers the final maturation of the eggs and ovulation. It is administered via intramuscular injection, so it’s delivered deep into the muscles to allow the medication to be absorbed quickly. Common forms of hCG injections include Ovidrel, Novarel, and Pregnyl. Lupron is another type of trigger shot that is utilized.

Progesterone

After egg retrieval, progesterone is essential for preparing your uterus for implantation. It is typically administered via vaginal suppositories or injections.

Navigating At-Home Injections

For many, the idea of giving themselves an injection may seem intimidating at first. In fact, one study found that nearly two-thirds of adults have some level of needle fear. But while the first couple of injections can feel stressful, many people find that shots get easier with each dose. (Plus, you’ve probably gotten used to having blood drawn frequently in the office – so hopefully any “needle phobia” is already going away!) Here are some essential steps to make home injections easier:

1. Preparation: Gather all necessary supplies – medication, needles, alcohol swabs, gauze pads, sharps container, and a cold pack.
2. Choose your injection site: The abdomen is the most common site for subcutaneous injections, while the upper thigh or buttock is typically used for intramuscular injections.
3. Clean the area: Wash your hands, and then use an alcohol swab to disinfect the injection site.
4. Inject the medication: Follow your doctor's instructions carefully. Typically, you will flick the syringe with the cap removed and the needle pointed upward to eliminate air bubbles. Then, push the plunger until a small amount of liquid emerges from the tip of the needle. Grab a bit of skin at the injection site and press the needle into it using firm, even pressure. Release the skin once the needle is fully embedded. Make sure to rotate your injection sites.
5. Dispose of the needle: Dispose of the needle safely in a sharps container.
6. Apply pressure: Hold a gauze pad over the injection site for a few seconds to prevent bleeding.
7. Ice pack as needed: Apply a cold pack to the area to reduce any discomfort. This may be more helpful for intramuscular injections.

The Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) published this online guide to injection techniques and medication as a helpful resource, too.  

Your Guide to IVF Shots: FAQs

Do IVF Shots Hurt?

You may experience some discomfort during the injection; However, you’ll find most medications are minimally invasive. Most of the injections needed during an IVF cycle are subcutaneous rather than intramuscular, meaning the needle does not extend beyond the layers of the skin. While they can cause a bit of anxiety for many who take them, the IVF shots themselves are typically relatively painless.

Remember to use different injection sites to avoid soreness and bruising. If you experience pain following an injection, especially with a longer intramuscular injection, it can be helpful to massage the injection site or apply ice before and after the medication is delivered.

Can I Learn to Give Myself Injections?

You’ve got this! Your SDFC team will provide you with detailed instructions and training. You can also find helpful resources online and in support groups.

How Long Will I Have To Take Injections?

The duration of injections will vary depending on your individual treatment plan and response to medication.  

Will I Gain Weight During IVF Injections?

IVF treatments causing weight gain is an oft-repeated myth, but no research supports these claims. A 2023 study found participants experienced, on average, a less than 1 percent change in body weight throughout a total of more than 500 rounds of IVF injections. Some common side effects include bloating, mood swings, and headaches. These are usually mild and temporary.  

What If I Miss a Dose?

If you miss a dose, contact your nursing team immediately. They will advise you on the best course of action. 

How Do I Know the Injections Are Working?

Your doctor will monitor your progress through ultrasound scans and blood tests to ensure the medications are stimulating your ovaries effectively.

Getting Support

Remember that you are not alone on this journey. Our team at San Diego Fertility Center is here to support you every step of the way. We offer comprehensive guidance on all aspects of IVF treatment, including detailed information on medication, injection techniques, and any concerns you may have. You can also find valuable support in online communities and support groups dedicated to IVF patients. 

Navigating IVF shots  might seem overwhelming at first, but with the right information and support, it can become a manageable part of your journey towards parenthood. 

This article is for informational purposes only and is not to be considered medical advice. Please consult with your fertility care specialist for any health or medication concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.